SO, SUCH, TOO, ENOUGT
SO (tan, así,
entonces) y SUCH (semejante, tal, tan, tanto), suelen
confundir. VOY a intentar explicar sus diferencias y cómo
se utilizan.
PARTE
I
Observa estos ejemplos:
• I didn't like the film. The plot was so boring!! (No disfruté de la película. ¡¡La trama era tan aburrida!!)• I didn't enjoy the film. It was such a boring plot!! (No disfruté de la película. ¡¡Era una historia tan aburrida!!)
• I didn't like the film. The plot was so boring!! (No disfruté de la película. ¡¡La trama era tan aburrida!!)• I didn't enjoy the film. It was such a boring plot!! (No disfruté de la película. ¡¡Era una historia tan aburrida!!)
1. CON ADJETIVO SIN SUSTANTIVO SE USA "SO":
Ejemplos: so stupid (tan tonta). 2. CON ADJETIVO Y SUSTANTIVO SE USA "SUCH": Ejemplos: such a stupid story (una historia tan tonta). |
También puedes usar SO con un adverbio sin
sustantivo. Por ejemplo:
Peter drives so quickly that … (Pedro conduce tan rápido que …)
PARTE II
Peter drives so quickly that … (Pedro conduce tan rápido que …)
PARTE II
Tanto SO como SUCH refuerzan
el significado de un adjetivo.
Observa:
• It's a beautiful day, isn't it? It's so warm. (= really warm)
(Es un día hermoso, ¿no? Está tan cálido. (= realmente cálido)• We enjoyed our vacation. We hadsuch a good time. (= a really good time) (Disfrutamos nuestra vacación. La pasamos tan bien. (= realmente muy bien)Ahora, compara SO y SUCH en estas dos oraciones (y recuerda la regla gramatical de la PARTE I):
• I like Miguel and Victoria. They are so nice.
(Me gustan Miguel y Victoria. Son tan agradables)• I like Miguel and Victoria. They are such nice people. (not so nice people ) (Me gustan Miguel y Victoria. Son personas tan agradables)Con frecuencia decimos SO ... THAT (tan ... que) y SUCH ... THAT (tal ... que):
• I was so tired that I went to bed at seven o'clock.
(Estaba tan cansado/a que fui a dormir a las 7 de la tarde)• Manuel worked so hard that he made himself sick. (Manuel trabajó tanto que terminó enfermándose)
• It was such beautiful weather that we spent the whole day in the park.
(El tiempo estaba tan bueno que pasamos todo el día en el parque)• The book was so good that I couldn't put it down. (El libro era tan bueno que no pude dejar de leerlo)
It was such a good book that I couldn't put it down. (Era un libro tan bueno que no pude dejar de leerlo)
• It's a beautiful day, isn't it? It's so warm. (= really warm)
(Es un día hermoso, ¿no? Está tan cálido. (= realmente cálido)• We enjoyed our vacation. We hadsuch a good time. (= a really good time) (Disfrutamos nuestra vacación. La pasamos tan bien. (= realmente muy bien)Ahora, compara SO y SUCH en estas dos oraciones (y recuerda la regla gramatical de la PARTE I):
• I like Miguel and Victoria. They are so nice.
(Me gustan Miguel y Victoria. Son tan agradables)• I like Miguel and Victoria. They are such nice people. (not so nice people ) (Me gustan Miguel y Victoria. Son personas tan agradables)Con frecuencia decimos SO ... THAT (tan ... que) y SUCH ... THAT (tal ... que):
• I was so tired that I went to bed at seven o'clock.
(Estaba tan cansado/a que fui a dormir a las 7 de la tarde)• Manuel worked so hard that he made himself sick. (Manuel trabajó tanto que terminó enfermándose)
• It was such beautiful weather that we spent the whole day in the park.
(El tiempo estaba tan bueno que pasamos todo el día en el parque)• The book was so good that I couldn't put it down. (El libro era tan bueno que no pude dejar de leerlo)
It was such a good book that I couldn't put it down. (Era un libro tan bueno que no pude dejar de leerlo)
A los efectos de otorgar un tono más coloquial o
conversacional, puedes omitir el pronombre relativo that (que) en todas las oraciones
anteriores. Algunos
ejemplos:
• I
was so tired that I went to bed at seven o'clock.
(Estaba tan cansado/a que fui a dormir a las 7 de la tarde)
• Manuel worked so hard that he made himself sick. (Manuel trabajó tanto que terminó enfermándose)
• The book was so good that I couldn't put it down. (El libro era tan bueno que no pude dejar de leerlo)
(Estaba tan cansado/a que fui a dormir a las 7 de la tarde)
• Manuel worked so hard that he made himself sick. (Manuel trabajó tanto que terminó enfermándose)
• The book was so good that I couldn't put it down. (El libro era tan bueno que no pude dejar de leerlo)
RECUERDA
SO + ADJECTIVE
He
is so handsome
SUCH A/AN + (ADJECTIVE) + NOUN (SINGULAR COUNTABLE)
He
is such a handsome boy
He
is such an attractive boy
SUCH + (ADJECTIVE) + NOUN (PLURAL COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE)
They
are such handsome boys
It
was such delicious food
Too equivale al español "demasiado".
Se utiliza siempre delante de los adjetivos o
adverbios que modifica.
This exercise is too easy (Este ejercicio es
demasiado fácil)
I arrived too late (Llegué demasiado tarde)
I arrived too late (Llegué demasiado tarde)
Luego del adjetivo, puede agregarse "to" más un verbo.
He's too young to drive (Es demasiado joven para conducir)
He's too weak to lift it (Es demasiado débil para levantarlo)
He's too weak to lift it (Es demasiado débil para levantarlo)
Si se usa con sustantivos, significa "demasiado/a/os/as" y va
siempre seguido de many o much, dependiendo del
tipo de sustantivo contable o incontable.
There are too many people (Hay demasiada
gente)
There is too much shadow (Hay demasiada sombra)
There is too much shadow (Hay demasiada sombra)
Enough equivale al español "lo sufucientemente".
Se utiliza siempre después de los adjetivos o
adverbios que modifica.
I
arrived early enough (Llegué lo
suficientemente temprano)
También puede ser seguido de "to" más un verbo.
He isn't old enough to drive (No es lo suficientemente mayor para conducir)
He isn't strong enough to lift it (No es lo suficientemente fuerte como para levantarlo)
He isn't strong enough to lift it (No es lo suficientemente fuerte como para levantarlo)
Si se usa con sustantivos, significa "suficiente/s" y va
siempre antes.
There aren't enough chairs (No hay sillas suficientes)
There isn't enough light (No hay suficiente luz)
There isn't enough light (No hay suficiente luz)
Ejercicios
SO, SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH
1-
Giselle's good she could be a
professional.
2-
She plays well (that) she
could be a professional.
3-
There were footballs
(that) I didn't know which one to choose.
4-
Which expression substitutes "so many" in the previous
sentence?
5-
Mozart is good
player!
6-
They are good
students!
7-
"It's hot today." Rephrase it in three different ways using:
so
such
too
8-
Which of the three previous sentences you've made CAN'T be continued with
"that"?
9-
It's hot
today us go
to the beach.
10-
Which of the following sentences has a negative meaning?
11-
Our teacher gives us homework.
12-
How can you substitute "too much" in the previous sentence for an
expression containing "such"? Our teacher gives us such .
13-
Unscramble this sentence: TICKET / I'VE / TO / MONEY / GOT / BUY / ENOUGH /
THE
14-
Unscramble this sentence: ENOUGH / TEAM / I'M / BE / THE / NOT / TO / IN /
GOOD
15-
Observing the two previous sentences, we notice that "enough"
comes nouns
and adjectives.
16-
"It wasn't warm enough for me to go swimming." Re-write it using
"too". It was go
swimming.
17-
"He's too short to be a basketball player." Re-write it using
"enough". He isn't basketball
player.
Para mejor comprensión sugiero este vídeo:
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